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The E.coli bacterium has an enzyme, DNA ligase , which can be used to repair these nicks in the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA chains to form an intact double-strand.
This study shows that in a competition between the two enzymes, DNA ligase trumps the flap endonuclease in capturing bubbles and creating expanded tracts.
These DNA-binding proteins include polymerases, helicases, nucleases, isomerases, ligases , histones, and others.
A number of conjugating enzymes and protein ligases are in the cell, and various combinations confer substrate specificity on the system.
After all, in nature we can and do observe bacteria using restriction endonucleases and ligases to cut DNA.
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